If the voltage coming from the sensor is not in the range of 0÷5V it will be sent to ground or the voltage regulator. Diodes D13 and D14 are connected in such way to protect the microcontroller from high positive or negative voltage coming from the sensor. The control is represented by a sensor button – SW1, which is made by a conductive plate or other metal object with good conductivity (any shape could be used). The microcontroller needs 5V to operate so a 7805 voltage regulator is used – U2. The dimmer is powered by one 12V voltage source. The dimmer schematic is shown on the drawing below. That is way a software one has been built. This is low end microcontroller which does not have internal hardware PWM module. The microcontroller used for this project is PIC12F629 by Microchip. The following article describes LED light dimmer, based on software PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) generator with variable duty ratio.
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